Fintech Lab
Lesson 30Issuing, lending, treasuryAdvanced
FBO accounts and sub-accounting
One bulk asset at the sponsor bank, many user liabilities on your books.

You're a fintech wallet without a banking license. Your users' funds sit in an 'For Benefit Of' (FBO) account at your sponsor bank. From the sponsor's view: ONE bulk deposit. From yours: many user wallets, summing to that same total. The invariant you MUST maintain forever: sum(user wallets) = FBO balance. If they ever disagree, you're either commingling, you have a bug, or you've been robbed. This is THE foundational pattern for any unlicensed fintech that holds user money.

Fintech Lab is a free, interactive lab for fintech engineers. Real ledger, your own sandbox, engineering patterns from production. See all 85 lessons.

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